From a performance standpoint, citrulline malate is the “star child” of pre-workout science.

We chose citrulline malate over L-arginine because it provides better absorption, higher plasma arginine levels, and has been found to:

• Improve strength, aerobic performance, and muscle endurance [1,2]
• Be at least twice as effective as L-arginine supplementation at raising nitric oxide [3]
• Participate in the Krebs Cycle and enhance creatine re-activation between sets (malate in citrulline malate [4]
• Enhance the use of branch chain amino acids like leucine during exercise [5]

PreSeries BULK contains 6,000 mg (6 grams) of citrulline malate per serving.

Supplementing with beta-alanine has been proven to increase cellular carnosine levels, which are quickly depleted during intense exercise [28, 29].

A majority of pre-workout supplements contain beta-alanine, but at significantly underdosed levels. Supplementing with proper dosing, as found in PreSeries BULK, is shown to:

• Delay the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in men and women during intense exercise [30]
• Increase overall muscle strength [ba1] 
• Improved muscle endurance and total work done [ba2]
• Provide a tingling sensation, which can be more aggressive (depending on tolerance), which  is normal and safe [33]
• Reduce and combat the formation of altered proteins and promote the formation of healthy proteins [31]
• Significantly increase lean mass and decrease fat in wrestlers [32]

The "2:1:1" refers to the ratio of leucine, isoleucine, and valine (in that order). So, for every 2,000 mg of leucine, there are 1,000 mg of isoleucine and valine.

Leucine

Leucine is the first branched-chain amino acid and is considered to be the most anabolic amino acid and is known for its strong activation of mTOR, the gene responsible for protein synthesis.

• Leucine has been found to significantly increase strength during workouts [26].
• Metabolites of leucine have been found to prevent muscle degradation and preserve lean mass [27].

PreSeries BULK contains 2,000 mg (2 grams) of leucine per serving.

Isoleucine

Isoleucine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids, which aids metabolism during workout, promotes muscle growth, and executes anti-catabolism effects [48, 49, 50].

PreSeries BULK contains 1,000 mg (1 gram) of isoleucine per serving.

Valine

Valine, the third branched-chain amino acid, is essential in pre-workout supplementation due to its involvement in metabolism and muscle growth. It also helps to reduce tryptophan build up in the brain during workouts. This allows for greater energy and endurance while working out.

PreSeries BULK contains 1,000 mg (1 gram) of valine per serving.

Recent clinical studies suggest that betaine supplementation triggers a significant muscle growth response. This response is independent of testosterone and is significantly advantageous alongside typical supplementation protocols.

Betaine supplementation has also been shown to:

• Reduce fatigue when taken before and during weight training [34, 35].
• Enhance phosphocreatine replenishment between sets when creatine is taken daily [36]*.
• Increases total repetitions and volume on the bench press exercise versus placebo [37].

PreSeries BULK contains 2,500 mg of betaine anhydrous per serving.

*(PreSeries BULK does not contain any form of creatine, as caffeine negates its absorption when taken in synchrony)

Taurine is an amino acid that is essential to pre-workout supplementation. Taurine competitively interacts with beta-alanine; thus, supplementation with beta-alanine and without taurine can lead to states of taurine deficiency [40].

Additionally, taurine used alongside BCAAs, has been found to reduce next-day muscle soreness more than either taken independently [39].

PreSeries BULK contains 1,300 mg (1.3 grams) of Taurine per serving.

L-tyrosine is the acetylated version of the amino acid L-tyrosine. The acetylation improves the absorption and effective period of L-tyrosine, as well as optimizes the effectiveness of the energy and focus ingredients in PreSeries BULK.

• L-tyrosine reduces the effects of stress and allows for greater mental focus and endurance [22].
• L-tyrosine improves memory and performance in bodily stressing climates, such as the cold [23].
• Believed to counteract the hypothyroid promoting conditions associated with extensive exercise.

PreSeries BULK contains 1000 mg of L-tyrosine per serving.

AlphaSize® is a patented form of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a highly bioavailable source of choline. Choline is an essential B vitamin that the body uses to create acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine, both of which play important roles in cognitive function and neurotransmission. Several human studies show that alpha-GPC increases mental performance and physical performance, especially when taken in conjunction with caffeine , . Hence, alpha-GPC has both nootropic and ergogenic properties, making it ideal as a pre-workout ingredient.

PreSeries BULK contains 500 mg of Choline Bitartrate per serving.

L-theanine is an amino acid used by the body. When combined with caffeine, L-theanine demonstrates many benefits for athletes, like:

• Increases reaction time, attention, and memory [14, 15, 16, 17]
• Reduces jitters in caffeine sensitive individuals
• Reduces stress and causes relaxation without affecting attention and energy [18].

PreSeries BULK contains 360 mg of L-Theanine per serving.

Caffeine, along with many of the complimenting stimulants and focus-enhancing ingredients in PreSeries BULK are clinically proven to reduce the sensation of effort. Approximately 180 mg of caffeine has been found and confirmed to significantly increase repetitions to failure and readiness to invest effort in athletes [7, 8].

Moderate doses of caffeine have also been found to not negatively interfere with natural thermoregulation like higher (300 mg+) caffeine-infused pre workouts do [9].

PreSeries BULK contains 180 mg of Caffeine Anhydrous per serving.

Theobromine is the primary alkaloid found in cocoa beans, and is essentially the “little brother” of caffeine. Its functions in the body are suggested to be complementary to those of caffeine, acting as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and central nervous system stimulant (4). Research has also found that theobromine has differential contributions to mood and cognitive function when compared to caffeine, providing further insight into the distinct, yet synergistic nature of these naturally occurring stimulants (5).

PreSeries BULK contains 50 mg of Theobromine per serving.

Infinergy™ is a trademarked caffeine salt of malic acid (dicaffeine malate) that was created to prolong the ergogenic effects of caffeine. Rather than the abbreviated “high” and subsequent crash people often experience after drinking a large cup of coffee, Infinergy™ provides a smoother and longer-lasting increase in mental performance and thermogenesis, all without the jitters and crashing from ordinary caffeine.

PreSeries BULK contains 25 mg of Infinergy™ (Dicaffeine Malate) per serving.

AstraGin™ is a novel extract of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng — two adaptogenic herbs will longstanding history in traditional Chinese medicine . The constituents in these plants are suggested to selectively enhance the absorption of biomolecules by increasing intestinal permeability .

PreSeries BULK contains 25 mg of Astragin™ per serving.