Nitric Oxide

NO3-T® is a patented ingredient that binds amino acids to nitrate and serves a dual function as a nitrate donor and substrate for nitric oxide synthase. The ingested nitrates from NO3-T® provide a complementary mechanism to form nitric oxide when the L-arginine → L-citrulline pathway is suppressed [1]. 

Thus, a balance of arginine, betaine, and nitrate ensures a stable milieu of nitric oxide-releasing materials.

L-glutathione is the body’s primary endogenous antioxidant. Hence, it has ubiquitous roles in human physiology by sequestering and eliminating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Setria® is a reduced form of L-glutathione (meaning it's ready to neutralize free radicals) that augments nitric oxide production and attenuates oxidative stress, thereby supporting cardiovascular health and blood flow [2, 3].

Given that glutathione also improves nitric oxide bioavailability, it confers putative synergy with other nitric-oxide-boosting ingredients, like NO3-T®.

Pinus pinaster (French maritime pine) is a pine tree that grows in southwest France. Its bark is a rich source of distinct proanthocyanidins, bioflavonoids, and organic acids with compelling cardioprotective, phlebotomist, and antioxidant properties [4].

The proanthocyanidins in pine bark extract are metabolized to catechin, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, taxifolin, and an intriguing compound called δ-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-γ-valerolactone. These constituents are well-established as anti-hypertensive agents and have been effectively used in clinical applications to lower blood pressure and improve blood circulation [5, 6].

Recent studies have also shown that the antioxidant and acid-forming properties of vitamin C promote the gastrointestinal absorption of nitrates and conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide, making it synergistic with the NO3-T® in this product [7, 8].  

There's also evidence that vitamin C can restore blood flow in microcirculation through several pathways, one of which includes inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase [9].

AstraGin™ is a trademarked adaptogenic extract comprised of Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceus, which are suggested to help the body absorb other bioactive nutrients by selectively enhancing gastrointestinal permeability and modulating gut microbiota [10, 11, 12].